How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will inquire about your symptoms and any previous history of ADHD. He will also examine your family history.
Often, people are diagnosed with ADHD later in the course of their lives. An event that is significant, such as a pregnancy or relationship problems can prompt awareness of the problem. The first step to manage ADHD symptoms and improving function is to receive an assessment.
Characteristics
Many children have difficulty sitting still, waiting for their turn and paying attention in schools and other settings, those who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD experience these problems in a way that hinders their performance at home, school or work. The symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity must have been present for at minimum six months and be more prominent than is normal for their age or developmental level. In addition, they must be causing significant pain and difficulties at school, at home or work, and also in relationships.
The diagnosis of ADHD requires a thorough clinical evaluation by a certified health care professional. This may include a physical examination, and a look at other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, like thyroid disease or depression. The health care provider may also examine the patient's medical, mental health, and academic records. He will also ask the patient about their symptoms. Children are asked questions in accordance with their age. parents may be interviewed.
The doctor will apply the American Psychiatric Association's guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in adults and children that are described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The provider will look at the person's behavior, both in the past and now, and how it impacts their social, professional and family life. If possible, the therapist will also look at the person's schooling and childhood experiences.
When evaluating adults, a provider will look into whether they have a mental health issue that is co-occurring, and the presence of ADHD in the family. Family members of those who have the disorder are more prone to develop it.
If a health care provider suspects someone has ADHD and is concerned about it, they will conduct an entire clinical examination. This will include analyzing the patient's symptoms and requesting that they keep a daily journal of their symptoms over the course of a few weeks. The doctor will also ask about any other issues that the person may have and will refer to the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine whether they meet the criteria for ADHD.
Diagnosis
Many health professionals who specialize in mental illness or are interested in ADHD can perform screening and determine the severity of the disorder. This includes clinical psychologists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists. Some family doctors diagnose ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. They might refer adults for a comprehensive assessment.
The first step in diagnosing ADHD is an exhaustive medical exam, including evaluation of vision and hearing. A specialist may also suggest a brain scanner known as an EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) to determine the relative intensity of theta and Beta waves in the brain. This type of scan is a non-invasive, safe method for screening individuals for ADHD.
In an interview with the person the examiner will review the person's medical and psychiatric history going back to childhood, as well as his current symptoms and strategies for coping. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
The doctor will request teachers and other professionals who spend a great deal of time with children to complete checklists or questionnaires. They may ask parents to fill out these forms. Adults often talk to their spouses, coworkers, and other close friends. They might also want to interview someone who has known the person since childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. They will also determine the length of time the symptoms have been present and whether they are causing difficulties at home, school, work or in other areas of life.
The mental health professional should also screen for other disorders that have symptoms with ADHD such as depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder. They should also look for physical causes such as thyroid problems or sleep disorders. Additionally, a thorough screening will also examine the person's social, emotional and family background.
Treatment
Children with ADHD must learn to manage their symptoms. Family members can aid with this by encouraging school staff to monitor the child closely, providing positive feedback and being flexible and patient. They can also instruct relaxation and calming methods such as yoga or meditation. Many children suffering from ADHD benefit from regular physical exercise and a healthy diet which can help increase their ability to focus and concentrate. They should avoid sugary foods and drinks that can make their symptoms worse. They should also get enough sleep.
The symptoms of ADHD may persist throughout adolescence, and even into adulthood. For adults, they can manifest in the form of problems at work or in relationships. A health care provider will conduct an evaluation to determine if a person has ADHD, and the severity of it. This usually involves an examination of the mental health history as well as a physical examination and interviews with the person, his or her parents, a spouse or partner and other people who know him or her well. The provider may ask for a list of the individual's symptoms and how they impact him or her. The doctor might also employ rating scales or other tests to determine if the person is in compliance with the standardized criteria for ADHD. They can also ask about any medical conditions that may mimic ADHD symptoms, such as thyroid disorder and seizure disorder.
If someone is diagnosed as having ADHD the medication will be prescribed to control symptoms. Stimulants are commonly prescribed to treat ADHD, both in children as well as adults. These medications can cause adverse effects. One should only use these drugs under the supervision of a physician and with a prescription. Tell your doctor about any medications you are taking. Certain drugs may interact with stimulants, causing dangerous adverse effects. Many people with ADHD must try different types and doses of medication before they can find one that works.
Prevention
In some cases it is possible to reduce exposure to triggers from the environment can help prevent ADHD symptoms. These triggers could include diet and sleep habits and family structure, as well as medication. A GP can help you find ways to manage these triggers, and then refer you for further assistance or to a dietitian to suggest changes to your diet.
Children can also be assisted by keeping their routines the same, limiting caffeine and sugar, and taking regular vitamins and minerals supplements (consult your GP). Avoid Our Site for dietary purposes that have no scientific evidence or that could interact with certain medications.
Adults who suspect ADHD should visit a mental health professional like a psychiatrist or psychologist to determine the diagnosis. The doctor will look over medical records, perform a physical examination and conduct a thorough medical history to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. The therapist will speak with the patient, observe their behavior and use standardized ratings scales. The therapist will also consider the presence and duration of core ADHD symptoms, and if they affect the person's life.
A therapist can work with a patient and their family to improve parenting skills, teach time management, and other organizational techniques. They may also coach the patient in metacognitive skills, which involves the identification and correction of "thinking distortions" which can lead to negative moods or the perception of limited options. Psychologists may prescribe certain medications and work with mental health professionals to provide comprehensive treatment.
Parents can also help by providing a secure and loving home, setting clear expectations and rewards, encouraging good sleep habits and refraining from stimulants. They should also encourage their children to interact with others, and try to develop a healthy relationship with their child's partner.
The staff at the school can provide valuable information about behavior and learning issues in a child, but they are not competent to diagnose ADHD or make treatment recommendations. These decisions are taken by the student's parents, health provider and teacher with the assistance of the other.